柱状图

利用Mathematica绘制基本的柱状图的命令大致如下：

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data = RandomInteger[{1, 10}, {6, 5}];
BarChart[data,
 ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}]

此时将会输出如下的图片

同时可以选择下面几种布局方式：

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BarChart[data, ChartLayout -> "Stacked", 
 ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}]

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BarChart[data, ChartLayout -> "Percentile", 
 ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"}]

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BarChart[data, ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"},
 BarOrigin -> Left]

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BarChart[data, ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"},
 ChartLayout -> "Stepped",
 BarSpacing -> {0, 0}]

通过调整BarSpacing可以改变条形图的间隔

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BarChart[data, ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"},
 BarSpacing -> {0, 3}]

同时BarChart也支持绘图主题的选择，比如下面的Detailed主题。

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BarChart[data, ChartLabels -> {{"1", "2", "3", "4", "5", "6"}, None},
 ChartLegends -> {"a", "b", "c", "d", "e"},
 PlotTheme -> "Detailed",
 BarSpacing -> {0, 3}]

函数图

利用Mathematica绘制基本的函数的命令大致如下：

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funcs = {3/2 Sin[15 x], Cos[x/2], x};
Plot[funcs, {x, 0, 9}]

此时将会输出如下的图片

同时，可以利用ListPlot绘制点集图

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ListPlot[Table[funcs, {x, 0, 9, 1}] // Transpose, 
  PlotMarkers -> "OpenMarkers", 
  DataRange -> {0, 9}]

此时注意设置选项DataRange，来表示点集应该占据坐标轴的什么位置。

为了美观，可以设置边框以及图例

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Plot[funcs, {x, 0, 9},
 Frame -> True,
 Axes -> False,
 PlotLegends -> LineLegend[
   funcs,
   LegendLayout -> (Grid[Join[{{"Func", SpanFromLeft}}, #],
       Dividers -> {{True, False, True}, {True, True, False, False, True}}] &),
   LegendMarkers -> "OpenMarkers"]]

  • Frame->True：添加边框
  • Axes->False：删除坐标轴
  • PlotLegends->...：添加图例

然后利用Show，将两图合并

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Show[Plot[funcs, {x, 0, 9},
  Frame -> True, Axes -> False,
  PlotLegends -> LineLegend[
    funcs,
    LegendLayout -> (Grid[Join[{{"Func", SpanFromLeft}}, #],
        Dividers -> {{True, False, True}, {True, True, False, False, True}}] &),
    LegendMarkers -> "OpenMarkers"]], 
 ListPlot[Table[funcs, {x, 0, 9, 1}] // Transpose, 
  PlotMarkers -> "OpenMarkers", DataRange -> {0, 9}]]

当然也能够选择其他绘图主题：

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Show[Plot[funcs, {x, 0, 9},
  PlotLegends -> LineLegend[
    funcs,
    LegendLayout -> (Grid[Join[{{"Func", SpanFromLeft}}, #],
        Dividers -> {{True, False, True}, {True, True, False, False, True}}] &),
    LegendMarkers -> "OpenMarkers"], PlotTheme -> "Detailed"], 
 ListPlot[Table[funcs, {x, 0, 9, 1}] // Transpose, 
  PlotMarkers -> "OpenMarkers", DataRange -> {0, 9}, 
  PlotTheme -> "Detailed"]]

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Show[Plot[funcs, {x, 0, 9},
  PlotLegends -> LineLegend[
    funcs,
    LegendLayout -> (Grid[Join[{{"Func", SpanFromLeft}}, #],
        Dividers -> {{True, False, True}, {True, True, False, False, True}}] &),
    LegendMarkers -> "OpenMarkers"], PlotTheme -> "Scientific"], 
 ListPlot[Table[funcs, {x, 0, 9, 1}] // Transpose, 
  PlotMarkers -> "OpenMarkers", DataRange -> {0, 9}, 
  PlotTheme -> "Scientific"]]

密度图

利用Mathematica绘制基本的密度图的命令大致如下：

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pdfs = {PDF[NormalDistribution[-4, 2], x], 
   PDF[NormalDistribution[4, 6], x], 
   1/2 PDF[NormalDistribution[-3, 1], x] + 1/2 PDF[NormalDistribution[5, 1.5], x]};
Plot[pdfs, {x, -8, 12}]

此时将会输出如下的图片

同时为了美观，也可以显示面积，添加图例和边框，指定绘制范围等

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Plot[pdfs, {x, -8, 12}, Filling -> Axis, 
 PlotLegends -> {"\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(1\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(2\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(3\)]\)"}, Frame -> True, 
 Axes -> False, PlotRange -> {{-8, 12}, {0, 0.25}}]

当然也能够选择其他绘图主题：

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Plot[pdfs, {x, -8, 12}, Filling -> Axis, 
 PlotLegends -> {"\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(1\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(2\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(3\)]\)"}, 
 PlotRange -> {{-8, 12}, {0, 0.25}}, PlotTheme -> "Detailed"]

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Plot[pdfs, {x, -8, 12}, Filling -> Axis, 
 PlotLegends -> {"\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(1\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(2\)]\)", 
   "\!\(\*SubscriptBox[\(f\), \(3\)]\)"}, 
 PlotRange -> {{-8, 12}, {0, 0.25}}, PlotTheme -> "Scientific"]